Colorectal cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death among adults under 50 in the United States, according to research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). While overall cancer outcomes have improved for younger Americans, colorectal cancer is the exception.
Since 2005, death rates from colorectal cancer among people under 50 have increased by about 1% each year. This contrasts with broader progress in cancer care. The rising mortality associated with colorectal cancer highlights the need for greater awareness, prevention, and early detection.
Researchers continue to study why cases are increasing among younger adults. Potential factors include dietary habits, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and environmental influences. Because colorectal cancer typically develops slowly, early detection can significantly improve survival outcomes.
Start Screening and Detection Early
Screening remains one of the most effective tools for preventing colorectal cancer and detecting it early. Screening tests can identify and remove precancerous polyps – abnormal growths in the colon or rectum – before they develop into cancer. These polyps often take 10 to 15 years to become cancerous, providing a critical window for prevention.
In response to rising rates among younger adults, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its screening recommendations in 2021. Adults at average risk are now advised to begin routine colorectal cancer screening at age 45 rather than 50.
It is important to encourage employees to take advantage of colorectal screening options provided by Ascension Wisconsin. Despite these updated guidelines, screening participation remains low. Only about 37% of adults ages 45 to 49 are up to date with recommended screening tests. As a result, many cancers are diagnosed at later stages. Nearly three-quarters of colorectal cancer cases in people under 50 are discovered after the disease has already advanced, making treatment more complex and reducing survival rates.
Preventative Screening Options
Several screening options are available, and patients should discuss the best choice with their healthcare provider based on personal risk factors and family history. As far as screening options, the CDC lists these three: a colonoscopy -which examines the colon and rectum for polyps or cancer, at home stool tests – which involve collecting a stool sample at home and sending it in for analysis, and a flexible sigmoidoscopy (Flex Sig) – which examines the rectum and lower portion of the colon for abnormal growths.
Addressing Risk Factors
Lifestyle factors also influence risk. The ACS estimates that more than half of colorectal cancer cases and deaths could potentially be prevented through healthier habits.
- Diet: Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting red and processed meats.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity can reduce colorectal cancer risk by 30–40%.
- Healthy Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight lowers both risk and mortality.
- Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Smoking increases risk, and heavy alcohol consumption raises colorectal cancer risk by about 50%.
Early symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, persistent abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or anemia. However, colorectal cancer often develops without symptoms in its early stages.
For this reason, clinicians emphasize proactive screening and prevention to improve early detection and treatment outcomes.
Comprehensive Cancer Care at Ascension Wisconsin
Ascension Wisconsin is dedicated to providing comprehensive colorectal cancer care. The hospital system has earned the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer (NAPRC) accreditation from the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC), distinguishing it as a leader in cancer care. With a multidisciplinary approach, Ascension aims to standardize and improve care, helping to improve patient outcomes. It is one of fewer than 100 hospitals nationwide and the third in Wisconsin to earn this prestigious accreditation.